Jackson Nigg

Elliot Coyle

English 130

4/16/20

In the ever-expanding world we live in, humans are becoming increasingly curious of what the world could potentially hold. Technology is constantly expanding and becoming more complex, fulfilling this curiosity for some, others are more interested in the potential discoveries we hold within our own minds. In recent years there has been an increase in usage and discussion of psychedelics. Cities in the US such as Oakland, California and Denver, Colorado have decriminalized psilocybin containing mushrooms, while countries such as the Netherlands where mushrooms are legal to be distributed by stores and produced legally. Although it is generally accepted that governments make their decisions based on concrete evidence, and are revised based on newfound evidence or changes in culture, governments are failing to do this with enforcement of these substances. The strict laws imposed on these psychoactive drugs in countries such as the US are based on outdated and inaccurate evidence. Not only is the evidence not credible, but the majority of negative stigma against these drugs are a result of governments misusing these drugs. Revision of the laws that ban these substances is necessary, as governments overlook the possible benefits of Psychoactive substances. The view on psychoactive drugs by many is negative; however, with newfound evidence it has been made clear that some of these substances are not as harmful or dangerous as they were interpreted in the past. Information surfaced from the US government that a 14 year study took place where the Central Intelligence Agency attempted to control people’s minds using psychedelics and other psychoactive drugs. More specifically lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD along with 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. The Central Intelligence Agency was motivated to conduct such an observed and dangerous study when a false tip was received that the Chinese had developed mind control themselves. This experiment, alongside many others contributed to the government only viewing these substances from a dangerous and manipulative point of view, without conducting research on the potential beneficial properties of them. 

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 contains 8 characteristics that substances can have in order to be banned (United States Government). These include its potential for abuse, its history and pattern of abuse, alone with the scope, duration, and significance of abuse. Along with this there is a mechanism for substance to be moved between schedules but has been rarely used. If necessary this can be initiated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Health and Human Services. Furthermore in some cases parties can petition to get the drug reviewed. This supports my argument that the government has banned drugs with little to no evidence.  No drugs have been moved through schedules even with new evidence. 

Andrew O’Reilly’s article published by Fox News summarizes the decision made by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to decriminalize “magic mushrooms” in order to make it more possible to have professional studies conducted with them. This relates to the idea that  the Scheduling of these drugs needs to be challenged due to the lack of evidence justifying their legal status. It is interpreted by the government that if they were to fund research they would be promoting the legalization of Schedule 1 drugs. When in reality they are denying the opportunity to learn about the potentially large benefits of these drugs. O’Reilly’s article supports my stance that there is a severe lack of justification surrounding the banning of these drugs, and the evidence that was used in banning these drugs is outdated. Parallelling this Carlos Plazola,the chair of the group Decriminalize Nature Oakland, presented the fact that “These plants are being recommended pretty extensively undercover,underground,by doctors and therapists,” backing the idea that trained professionals are aware of the possible benefits (Carlos Plazola).

In this news article a 25 year long, $25 million dollar program was uncovered in which the C.I.A. attempted to control the human mind. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer was a pharmacologist that conducted experiments for the C.I.A. on prisoners in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta along with the Bordentown Reformatory in New Jersey (Dr. Carl Pfeiffer). In a telephone interview he released a statement that from 1955 to 1964 he was paid $25,000 dollars a year to conduct these tests. These experiments were spurred when Russians and Chinese were reported to have developed mind control devices. This was later proved to be untrue. This source supports my argument that the government had mostly used these banned substances for malicious purposes. It could be argued that this gave these substances a negative connotation in the government’s eyes. 

In the novel “Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age” describes the period of time where drug culture was beginning to spike up at an enormous rate (Martin Togoff). During this period of time President John Kennedy pro the new frontier and NASA made it to the moon. Meanwhile the drug culture in the US skyrocketed. It became more normalized to use these psychoactive drugs and users began to do these drugs as a sort of inner experiment. This book neglects the constant war on drugs and its effects overtime. This will assist me in my essay as it provides a new perspective to the war on drugs that isn’t motivated by bad stigma.

Some may argue that even conducting this research and tests is inhumane. In order to conduct these tests people must be tested. This is true, however, these tests could be conducted completely voluntary. Without the support of the government these drugs will continue to be used and tested in an unsafe manner. Others may argue that regardless of the safety of these experiments, people may take these tests by the government as an “okay” to use and abuse these drugs. This may be the case for a short period of time but in the long term we will have valuable information on how to use these drugs safely.

Finding justification behind rulings by governments throughout the world that psychoactive drugs should be completely banned is hard to find. While the United States has arguably the most harsh punishments for psychoactive drugs on a national level, other countries have severe repercussions too. In the past, evidence surfaced that the US government was using substances to attempt mind control, which only presented the negative effects of these drugs, leading to laws being put in place. The majority of these acts put into place followed a massive cultural obsession with psychoactive drugs in the 1970s. Without evidence that is accurate and current these laws are arguably void. Not only is this true in the United States but also internationally in countries such as Canada for example. Despite this there is change being set forth on an international level to study these drugs in a professional environment inorder to learn about the safety and beneficial aspects of psychoactive drugs, creating a future of  potential life changing medicine.

Annotated Bibliography 

Hoffmann, Diane E., and Weber, Eilen. “Medical Marijuana and the Law.(Controlled Substances Act of 1970).” The New England Journal of Medicine 362.13 (2010): 1453. Web.

This article fromThe New England Journal of Medicine covers the recent changes made by state governments to legalize marijuana. It states that the American Medical Association (AMA) has reached a resolution in urging the revaluation of labeling marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug. It is hoped that this would lead to research and development of cannabinoid based medicine. This supports my thesis that  drugs have been banned based on little to no evidence of them being tested in clinical trials. Along with this in October of 2009 the Department of Justice released a statement to U.S. Attorneys saying that federal resources should not be used to prosecute people whose actions comply with their state’s laws. This could be interpreted of the national government not having confidence in their ruling of these substances.

Torgoff, Martin. Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age. Simon and Schuster, 2004.

In this novel describes the period of time where drug culture was beginning to spike up at an enormous rate. During this period of time President John Kennedy pro the new frontier and NASA made it to the moon. Meanwhile the drug culture in the US skyrocketed. It became more normalized to use these psychoactive drugs and users began to do these drugs as a sort of inner experiment. This book neglects the constant war on drugs and its effects overtime. This will assist me in my essay as it provides a new perspective to the war on drugs that isn’t motivated by bad stigma.

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970: a BNDD Manual for Researchers. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, 1972.

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 contains 8 characteristics that substances can have in order to be banned. These include its potential for abuse,its history and pattern of abuse, alone with the scope, duration, and significance of abuse. Along with this there is a mechanism for substance to be moved between schedules but has been rarely used. If necessary this can be initiated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Health and Human Services. Furthermore in some cases parties can petition to get the drug reviewed. This supports my thesis that the government has banned drugs with little to no evidence due to the fact no drugs have been moved through schedules even with new evidence. 

O’Reilly, Andrew. “Ocasio-Cortez Wants to Make It Easier to Study Magic Mushrooms, Other Psychedelic Drugs.” Fox News, FOX News Network, 9 June 2019, www.foxnews.com/politics/ocasio-cortez-introduces-amendment-to-make-it-easier-to-study-magic-mushrooms-and-other-psychedelic-drugs.

Andrew O’Reilly’s article published by Fox News summarizes the decision made by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to decriminalize “magic mushrooms” inorder to make it more possible to have professional studies conducted with them. This relates to the idea that  the Scheduling of these drugs needs to be challenged due to the lack of evidence justifying their legal status. It is interpreted by the government that if they were to fund research they would be promoting the legalization of Schedule 1 drugs. When in reality they are denying the opportunity to learn about the potentially large benefits of these drugs. O’Reilly’s article supports my stance that there is a severe lack of justification surrounding the banning of these drugs, and the evidence that was used in banning these drugs is outdated. Parallelling this Carlos Plazola,the chair of the group Decriminalize Nature Oakland, presented the fact that “These plants are being recommended pretty extensively undercover,underground,by doctors and therapists.” Backing the idea that trained professionals are aware of the possible benefits. 

“PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS USED IN CAL EFFORT TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 2 Aug. 1977, www.nytimes.com/1977/08/02/archives/private-institutions-used-in-cia-effort-to-control-behavior-25year.html.

In this news article a 25 year long, $25 million dollar program was uncovered in which the C.I.A. attempted to control the human mind. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer was a pharmacologist that conducted experiments for the C.I.A. on prisoners in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta along with the Bordentown Reformatory in New Jersey. In a telephone interview he released a statement that from 1955 to 1964 he was paid $25,000 dollars a year to conduct these tests. These experiments were spurred when Russians and Chinese were reported to have developed mind control devices. This was later proved to be untrue. This source supports my argument that the government had mostly used these banned substances for malicious purposes. It could be argued that this gave these substances a negative connotation in the government’s eyes.

In the ever-expanding world we live in, humans are becoming increasingly curious of what the world could potentially hold. Technology is constantly expanding and becoming more complex, fulfilling this curiosity for some, others are more interested in the potential discoveries we hold within our own minds. In recent years there has been an increase in usage and discussion of psychedelics. Cities in the US such as Oakland, California and Denver, Colorado have decriminalized psilocybin containing mushrooms, while countries such as the Netherlands where mushrooms are legal to be distributed by stores and produced legally. Although it is generally accepted that governments make their decisions based on concrete evidence, and are revised based on newfound evidence or changes in culture, governments are failing to do this with enforcement of these substances. The strict laws imposed on these psychoactive drugs in countries such as the US are based on outdated and inaccurate evidence. Not only is the evidence not credible, but the majority of negative stigma against these drugs are a result of governments misusing these drugs. Revision of the laws that ban these substances is necessary, as governments overlook the possible benefits of Psychoactive substances. The view on psychoactive drugs by many is negative; however, with newfound evidence it has been made clear that some of these substances are not as harmful or dangerous as they were interpreted in the past. Information surfaced from the US government that a 14 year study took place where the Central Intelligence Agency attempted to control people’s minds using psychedelics and other psychoactive drugs. More specifically lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD along with 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. The Central Intelligence Agency was motivated to conduct such an observed and dangerous study when a false tip was received that the Chinese had developed mind control themselves. This experiment, alongside many others contributed to the government only viewing these substances from a dangerous and manipulative point of view, without conducting research on the potential beneficial properties of them. 

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 contains 8 characteristics that substances can have in order to be banned (United States Government). These include its potential for abuse, its history and pattern of abuse, alone with the scope, duration, and significance of abuse. Along with this there is a mechanism for substance to be moved between schedules but has been rarely used. If necessary this can be initiated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Health and Human Services. Furthermore in some cases parties can petition to get the drug reviewed. This supports my argument that the government has banned drugs with little to no evidence.  No drugs have been moved through schedules even with new evidence. 

Andrew O’Reilly’s article published by Fox News summarizes the decision made by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to decriminalize “magic mushrooms” inorder to make it more possible to have professional studies conducted with them. This relates to the idea that  the Scheduling of these drugs needs to be challenged due to the lack of evidence justifying their legal status. It is interpreted by the government that if they were to fund research they would be promoting the legalization of Schedule 1 drugs. When in reality they are denying the opportunity to learn about the potentially large benefits of these drugs. O’Reilly’s article supports my stance that there is a severe lack of justification surrounding the banning of these drugs, and the evidence that was used in banning these drugs is outdated. Parallelling this Carlos Plazola,the chair of the group Decriminalize Nature Oakland, presented the fact that “These plants are being recommended pretty extensively undercover,underground,by doctors and therapists,” backing the idea that trained professionals are aware of the possible benefits (Carlos Plazola).

In this news article a 25 year long, $25 million dollar program was uncovered in which the C.I.A. attempted to control the human mind. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer was a pharmacologist that conducted experiments for the C.I.A. on prisoners in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta along with the Bordentown Reformatory in New Jersey (Dr. Carl Pfeiffer). In a telephone interview he released a statement that from 1955 to 1964 he was paid $25,000 dollars a year to conduct these tests. These experiments were spurred when Russians and Chinese were reported to have developed mind control devices. This was later proved to be untrue. This source supports my argument that the government had mostly used these banned substances for malicious purposes. It could be argued that this gave these substances a negative connotation in the government’s eyes. 

In the novel “Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age” describes the period of time where drug culture was beginning to spike up at an enormous rate (Martin Togoff). During this period of time President John Kennedy pro the new frontier and NASA made it to the moon. Meanwhile the drug culture in the US skyrocketed. It became more normalized to use these psychoactive drugs and users began to do these drugs as a sort of inner experiment. This book neglects the constant war on drugs and its effects overtime. This will assist me in my essay as it provides a new perspective to the war on drugs that isn’t motivated by bad stigma.

Some may argue that even conducting this research and tests is inhumane. In order to conduct these tests people must be tested. This is true, however, these tests could be conducted completely voluntary. Without the support of the government these drugs will continue to be used and tested in an unsafe manner. Others may argue that regardless of the safety of these experiments, people may take these tests by the government as an “okay” to use and abuse these drugs. This may be the case for a short period of time but in the long term we will have valuable information on how to use these drugs safely.

Finding justification behind rulings by governments throughout the world that psychoactive drugs should be completely banned is hard to find. While the United States has arguably the most harsh punishments for psychoactive drugs on a national level, other countries have severe repercussions too. In the past, evidence surfaced that the US government was using substances to attempt mind control, which only presented the negative effects of these drugs, leading to laws being put in place. The majority of these acts put into place followed a massive cultural obsession with psychoactive drugs in the 1970s. Without evidence that is accurate and current these laws are arguably void. Not only is this true in the United States but also internationally in countries such as Canada for example. Despite this there is change being set forth on an international level to study these drugs in a professional environment in order to learn about the safety and beneficial aspects of psychoactive drugs, creating a future of  potential life changing medicine.

Jackson Nigg

Elliot Coyle

English 130

4/16/20

Outdated

In the ever-expanding world we live in, humans are becoming increasingly curious of what the world could potentially hold. Technology is constantly expanding and becoming more complex fulfilling this curiosity for some, others are more interested in the potential discoveries we hold within our own minds. In recent years there has been an increase in usage and discussion of psychedelics. Cities in the US such as Oakland, California and Denver, Colorado have decriminalized psilocybin containing mushrooms, while countries such as the Netherlands where mushrooms are legal to be distributed by stores and produced legally. Although it is generally accepted that governments make their decisions based on concrete evidence, and are revised based on newfound evidence or changes in culture, governments are failing to do this with enforcement of these substances. The strict laws imposed on these psychoactive drugs in countries such as the US are based on outdated and inaccurate evidence. Not only is evidence not credible, but the majority of negative stigma against these drugs are a result of governments misusing these drugs. Revision of the laws put in place banning these substances is necessary, as governments overlook the possible Psychoactive substances the view on psychoactive drugs by many is negative, with newfound evidence it has been made clear that some of these substances are not as harmful or dangerous as they were interpreted in the past. Information surfaced from the US government that a 14 year study took place where the Central Intelligence Agency attempted to control people’s minds using psychedelics and other psychoactive drugs. More specifically lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD along with 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. The Central Intelligence Agency was motivated to conduct such an observed and dangerous study when a false tip was received that the Chinese had developed mind control themselves. This experiment, alongside many others contributed to the government only viewing these substances from a dangerous and manipulative point of view, without conducting research on the potential beneficial properties of them. 

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 contains 8 characteristics that substances can have in order to be banned (United States Government). These include its potential for abuse,its history and pattern of abuse, alone with the scope, duration, and significance of abuse. Along with this there is a mechanism for substance to be moved between schedules but has been rarely used. If necessary this can be initiated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Health and Human Services. Furthermore in some cases parties can petition to get the drug reviewed. This supports my thesis that the government has banned drugs with little to no evidence due to the fact no drugs have been moved through schedules even with new evidence. 

Andrew O’Reilly’s article published by Fox News summarizes the decision made by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to decriminalize “magic mushrooms” inorder to make it more possible to have professional studies conducted with them. This relates to the idea that  the Scheduling of these drugs needs to be challenged due to the lack of evidence justifying their legal status. It is interpreted by the government that if they were to fund research they would be promoting the legalization of Schedule 1 drugs. When in reality they are denying the opportunity to learn about the potentially large benefits of these drugs. O’Reilly’s article supports my stance that there is a severe lack of justification surrounding the banning of these drugs, and the evidence that was used in banning these drugs is outdated. Parallelling this Carlos Plazola,the chair of the group Decriminalize Nature Oakland, presented the fact that “These plants are being recommended pretty extensively undercover,underground,by doctors and therapists.”(Carlos Plazola) Backing the idea that trained professionals are aware of the possible benefits. 

In this news article a 25 year long, $25 million dollar program was uncovered in which the C.I.A. attempted to control the human mind. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer was a pharmacologist that conducted experiments for the C.I.A. on prisoners in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta along with the Bordentown Reformatory in New Jersey (Dr. Carl Pfeiffer). In a telephone interview he released a statement that from 1955 to 1964 he was paid $25,000 dollars a year to conduct these tests. These experiments were spurred when Russians and Chinese were reported to have developed mind control devices. This was later proved to be untrue. This source supports my argument that the government had mostly used these banned substances for malicious purposes. It could be argued that this gave these substances a negative connotation in the government’s eyes. 

In the novel “Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age” describes the period of time where drug culture was beginning to spike up at an enormous rate (Martin Togoff). During this period of time President John Kennedy pro the new frontier and NASA made it to the moon. Meanwhile the drug culture in the US skyrocketed. It became more normalized to use these psychoactive drugs and users began to do these drugs as a sort of inner experiment. This book neglects the constant war on drugs and its effects overtime. This will assist me in my essay as it provides a new perspective to the war on drugs that isn’t motivated by bad stigma.

Finding justification behind rulings by governments throughout the world that psychoactive drugs should be completely banned is hard to find. While the United States has arguably the most harsh punishments for psychoactive drugs on a national level, other countries have severe repercussions too. In the past evidence surfaced that the US government was using substances to attempt mind control only presented the extremely dangerous and harmful effects of these drugs, leading to laws being put in place. The majority of these acts put into place followed a massive cultural obsession with psychoactive drugs in the 1970s. Without evidence that is accurate and current these laws are arguably void. Not only is this true in the United States but also internationally in countries such as Canada for example. Despite this there is change being set forth on an international level to study these drugs in a professional environment inorder to learn about the safety and beneficial aspects of psychoactive drugs, creating a future of  potential life changing medicine.

Jackson Nigg

Elliot Coyle

English 130

4/16/20

Annotated Bibliography 

Back up articles are underlined

Kalant, Harold. “Drug Classification: Science, Politics, Both or Neither?” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 9 Feb. 2010, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360- 0443.2009.02830.x.

Thakker, Jo, and Russil Durrant. Substance Use and Abuse: Cultural and Historical Perspectives. Sage Publications, 2003.

Abigail Creitz, “Review.” Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law by Nancy E. Marion and Willard M. Oliver. American Library Association, 17 Apr 2020.

Hoffmann, Diane E., and Weber, Eilen. “Medical Marijuana and the Law.(Controlled Substances Act of 1970).” The New England Journal of Medicine 362.13 (2010): 1453. Web.

This article fromThe New England Journal of Medicine covers the recent changes made by state governments to legalize marijuana. It states that the American Medical Association (AMA) has reached a resolution in urging the revaluation of labeling marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug. It is hoped that this would lead to research and development of cannabinoid based medicine. This supports my thesis that  drugs have been banned based on little to no evidence of them being tested in clinical trials. Along with this in October of 2009 the Department of Justice released a statement to U.S. Attorneys saying that federal resources should not be used to prosecute people whose actions comply with their state’s laws. This could be interpreted of the national government not having confidence in their ruling of these substances.

Torgoff, Martin. Can’t Find My Way Home: America in the Great Stoned Age. Simon and Schuster, 2004.

In this novel describes the period of time where drug culture was beginning to spike up at an enormous rate. During this period of time President John Kennedy pro the new frontier and NASA made it to the moon. Meanwhile the drug culture in the US skyrocketed. It became more normalized to use these psychoactive drugs and users began to do these drugs as a sort of inner experiment. This book neglects the constant war on drugs and its effects overtime. This will assist me in my essay as it provides a new perspective to the war on drugs that isn’t motivated by bad stigma.

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970: a BNDD Manual for Researchers. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, 1972.

The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 contains 8 characteristics that substances can have in order to be banned. These include its potential for abuse,its history and pattern of abuse, alone with the scope, duration, and significance of abuse. Along with this there is a mechanism for substance to be moved between schedules but has been rarely used. If necessary this can be initiated by the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Health and Human Services. Furthermore in some cases parties can petition to get the drug reviewed. This supports my thesis that the government has banned drugs with little to no evidence due to the fact no drugs have been moved through schedules even with new evidence. 

O’Reilly, Andrew. “Ocasio-Cortez Wants to Make It Easier to Study Magic Mushrooms, Other Psychedelic Drugs.” Fox News, FOX News Network, 9 June 2019, www.foxnews.com/politics/ocasio-cortez-introduces-amendment-to-make-it-easier-to-study-magic-mushrooms-and-other-psychedelic-drugs.

Andrew O’Reilly’s article published by Fox News summarizes the decision made by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to decriminalize “magic mushrooms” inorder to make it more possible to have professional studies conducted with them. This relates to the idea that  the Scheduling of these drugs needs to be challenged due to the lack of evidence justifying their legal status. It is interpreted by the government that if they were to fund research they would be promoting the legalization of Schedule 1 drugs. When in reality they are denying the opportunity to learn about the potentially large benefits of these drugs. O’Reilly’s article supports my stance that there is a severe lack of justification surrounding the banning of these drugs, and the evidence that was used in banning these drugs is outdated. Parallelling this Carlos Plazola,the chair of the group Decriminalize Nature Oakland, presented the fact that “These plants are being recommended pretty extensively undercover,underground,by doctors and therapists.” Backing the idea that trained professionals are aware of the possible benefits. 

“PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS USED IN CAL EFFORT TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 2 Aug. 1977, www.nytimes.com/1977/08/02/archives/private-institutions-used-in-cia-effort-to-control-behavior-25year.html.

In this news article a 25 year long, $25 million dollar program was uncovered in which the C.I.A. attempted to control the human mind. Dr. Carl Pfeiffer was a pharmacologist that conducted experiments for the C.I.A. on prisoners in a federal penitentiary in Atlanta along with the Bordentown Reformatory in New Jersey. In a telephone interview he released a statement that from 1955 to 1964 he was paid $25,000 dollars a year to conduct these tests. These experiments were spurred when Russians and Chinese were reported to have developed mind control devices. This was later proved to be untrue. This source supports my argument that the government had mostly used these banned substances for malicious purposes. It could be argued that this gave these substances a negative connotation in the government’s eyes.

I chose to use Patagonia as my Corporation Brand Blog. Patagonia has always been one of my favorite clothing brands. Everyone in my family owns a Patagonia sweatshirt because they are comfortable, durable, and comfy. Another reason that we like it is because if the clothing gets torn or hurt you can send it back and they will fix it for you. The main reason I like Patagonia is because of their impact on our planet. Patagonia is extremely humane and caring for our planet. They are both socially and environmentally responsible.

This season, 72% of their materials are made from recycled fibers. Switching to recycled allowed them to avoid 11,500 metric tons of CO²e, enough to power 1,300 homes for one year. Using recycled materials has helped towards decreasing our global greenhouse emissions. Since 1996, all of the virgin cotton in their line has been grown organically, without the use of harmful chemicals (they also recycle a lot of cotton). By using organic cotton, they save water and reduce CO² emissions by 45% compared to conventional cotton. They are dedicated to improving conditions for their workers. This season, two-thirds of their line is Fair Trade Certified™ sewn, impacting 66,000 workers. I believe that treating their worker’s and environment correctly is a step in the right direction for humanity.

Patagonia is a Corporation that makes quality clothing that may be a little pricey but their intentions for the planet and people are amazing. Their efforts towards environmental well being make it a Brand thats worth buying from. If you don’t have a lot of money but want to get some clothes they have an option where you can buy reused clothes. I think that this is super cool and I respect their efforts to reuse and recycle clothes and products. All in all I think Patagonia is a company that should be praised for their environmentally conscious actions and hopefully in the future you can buy some reused and recycled products to help our beautiful planet Earth.

Trump initiated a drone missile strike on top Iranian general Qassem Soleimani who was visiting Iraq on January 3rd. This attack ramped up aggression between Iran and the US. This soon caused a missile attack on US coalition forces. Soon after Iran accidentally shot down a Ukrainian jet killing 176 people thinking it was another drone strike. Iran soon had everyone roaming the streets yelling death to America due to the death of their leader. Iran retaliated with force by firing a dozen missiles at Iraqi bases that held US troops.the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps stated that the attacks were “hard revenge” for the death of Soleimani. Killing a terrorist as a security measure is one thing but killing a countries political leader for a political agenda is another. Trump’s reasoning for sending the drone strike is because Soleimani was supposedly plotting to kill americans. Trump tweeted General Qasem Soleimani has killed or badly wounded thousands of Americans over an extended period of time,” Trump said, adding that Soleimani “was plotting to kill many more…but got caught!” He justified his attack by saying he should have been killed years ago. He then says “We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war.” Trump then goes on to say that Obama and Bush should have killed him when they were given the option. Trump doesn’t give any background information on Soleimani except calling him a monster and a terrorist. He also says that he wasn’t on vacation but was there to talk bad business. That was trumps Justification for almost starting WW3.

1. From what Iv’e learned about rhetoric is that it is used basically everywhere. Ive learned that that rhetoric is used a lot politically whether we know it or not. Ive also learned that to use rhetoric you have to have a balance of different methods. For example if you are a speaker and you have a speech you can’t just use pathos or else people are going to catch on to the way you are trying to persuade them. You have to have a well balanced diet of all to convince your major point. Using just one rhetorical method too much can cause you to look like you are just trying to manipulate people which doesn’t look good.

This essay discusses the connections of rhetoric to everyday life and media. Rhetoric is used by everyone whether they know it or not. Every person analyzes situations and even the way people act around them. Once you analyze someone you judge them and think of them in your own unique way. The human brain does the same thing with media. Media can be ads, campaigns, or even television. Media consumes our society. Media challenges and targets the brain for companies to be successful. Rhetoric is the way media uses images and language to persuade viewers. knowing how media rhetoric works allows consumers to know how they are being persuaded. Methods like Logos, ethos and pathos are used in media to target viewers. Most consumers are mindless and don’t realize that they agree with something even thought it may be for the wrong reason.

I chose to talk about Carls Jr.’s television ads. In basically every single ad they have an extremely hot model eating a massive Burger. This tactic plays into the method of pathos. It aims towards any male who is sexually driven towards attractive females.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uymwLQIrk_k-5VwXoiAKUOpKMPFCcEAWd-FiOcagXLs/edit